• Top
    • Documentation
    • Books
    • Boolean-reasoning
    • Projects
      • Apt
      • Zfc
      • Acre
      • Milawa
      • Smtlink
      • Abnf
      • Vwsim
      • Isar
      • Wp-gen
      • Dimacs-reader
      • Pfcs
      • Legacy-defrstobj
      • C
      • Proof-checker-array
      • Soft
      • Farray
      • Rp-rewriter
      • Instant-runoff-voting
      • Imp-language
      • Sidekick
      • Ethereum
      • Leftist-trees
      • Java
        • Atj
        • Aij
        • Language
          • Syntax
            • Grammar
            • Unicode-escapes
            • Unicode-input-char
            • Escape-sequence
            • Identifiers
            • Primitive-types
            • Reference-types
              • Reference-types-definition
            • Unicode-characters
            • Keywords
            • Integer-literals
            • String-literals
            • Octal-digits
            • Hexadecimal-digits
            • Decimal-digits
            • Binary-digits
            • Character-literals
            • Null-literal
            • Floating-point-literals
            • Boolean-literals
            • Package-names
            • Literals
          • Semantics
      • Riscv
      • Taspi
      • Bitcoin
      • Zcash
      • Des
      • X86isa
      • Sha-2
      • Yul
      • Proof-checker-itp13
      • Regex
      • ACL2-programming-language
      • Json
      • Jfkr
      • Equational
      • Cryptography
      • Axe
      • Poseidon
      • Where-do-i-place-my-book
      • Aleo
      • Bigmems
      • Builtins
      • Execloader
      • Solidity
      • Paco
      • Concurrent-programs
      • Bls12-377-curves
    • Debugging
    • Community
    • Std
    • Proof-automation
    • Macro-libraries
    • ACL2
    • Interfacing-tools
    • Hardware-verification
    • Software-verification
    • Math
    • Testing-utilities
  • Syntax

Reference-types

Java reference types [JLS14:4.3].

We formalize Java reference types as syntactic entities. Reference values are formalized here.

The relevant grammar rules are the ones in [JLS14:4.3] (for reference-type etc.) and the ones in [JLS14:4.5.1] (for type-arguments etc.). The rules in [JLS14:4.3] include annotations, but the grammar also includes rules for unannotated reference types in [JLS14:8.3] (for unann-reference-type etc.). Note, however, that also the rules for unann-reference-type etc. include some annotations in certain places.

As done in the formalization of primitive types, in our formalization of reference types it seems more practical to define the `reference types' as the ones without annotations (not even the ones in the rules for unann-reference-type etc., and have a separate notion for `annotated reference types'. This is just nomenclature, the substance does not change.

For now we just define (unannotated) reference types. Annotated reference types will be added later.

Subtopics

Reference-types-definition
Fixtypes of Java (unannotated) reference types and mutually recursive companions.